Hospices are like any other service or business you use and should be evaluated on what they offer or provide the patient and family. Choosing one should be given the same consideration that you would use in selecting a bank to do business with or deciding which stores to shop. Hospices are not alike and the services as well as the quality of service can vary. Here are some questions you might ask when deciding which hospice to use.

• What do others say about this hospice?

  Get references both from people you know and from people in the field – e.g., local hospitals, nursing homes, clinicians. Ask anyone that you have connections to if they have had experience with the hospice and what their impressions are. Geriatric care managers can be a particularly good resource, as they often make referrals to hospices and hear from families about the care that was provided. Anecdote and word of mouth won’t paint a full picture but they are still valuable data points.

• How long has the hospice been in operation?

  If it has been around for a while, that’s an indication of stability.

• Is Your Hospice Non-Profit or For- Profit

  This is an important question as it could influence the degree of autonomy in creating or adding services. It could also determine the level and frequency of services provided. Corporately owned hospices typically are operated to produce a profit for their owners and investors while non-profit hospices focus on the value of the service delivered. Non-profit programs are usually governed by a volunteer Board of Directors living in and representing the communities served by the hospice. Non-profit programs do have the advantage of being able to receive favorable tax advantages in operating their programs as well as receiving community support through donations and fundraising. These additional funds allow for more services and programs to be developed and provided to the community.

• Does Your Hospice Have Working Relationships and Contracts With Other Area Providers if I Need It?

  Hospices are required to provide different levels of care to their patients when needed. In addition to Home Care, this includes In-patient Care, Respite Care and Continuous Care. These services may be provided directly by the hospice or by contract. In addition, Home Care is to be delivered wherever the patient may reside, such as a Nursing Facility or Assisted Living Facility. Does the hospice have contracts and working relationships in place when a change in the level of care is needed?

• Is the hospice accredited, and if required, state-licensed?

  Accreditation (JCAHO or CHAP) is not required and not having it doesn’t mean a hospice isn’t good, but if the hospice has it, then you know a third party has looked at the hospice’s operations and determined they come up to a reasonable standard of care.

• What is the expectation about the family’s role in caregiving?

  See if what the hospice expects from family members is consistent with what the family is able to do.

• Are there limits on treatment currently being received?

  Is there anything currently being done for the patient that a hospice under consideration would not be able to do?

• Can the hospice meet your specific needs?

  Mention any concerns the family or patient have about care and ask the hospice staff how they will address those concerns.

• Does the hospice offer extra services beyond those required?

  Some services fall in a gray area. They are not required by Medicare but may be helpful to improve the comfort of a patient. An example is radiation and/or chemotherapy for a cancer patient to reduce the size of a tumor and ameliorate pain. Some hospices would not be able to afford to do this but others with deeper pockets could.

• How rapid is crisis response?

  If the family needs someone to come to the home at 3AM on a Saturday, where would that person come from? What is their average response time?

• What are the options for inpatient care?

  Patients being cared for at home may need to go to an inpatient unit for management of complicated symptoms or to give their family respite. Facilities can vary from the hospice having its own private inpatient unit to leased beds in a hospital or nursing home. Visit the facilities to ensure that they are conveniently located and that you are comfortable with what they offer.

• If the family caregiver gets really exhausted can we get respite care?

  Caring for someone with a serious illness can be exhausting and, at times, challenging. In addition to home hospice care and inpatient care when symptoms prove unmanageable at home, hospices also offer “respite” care (periodic breaks for the caregiver of up to 5 days during which the patient is moved to an inpatient bed) and “continuous” nursing care at home for brief periods at the patient’s home when family caregivers are unable to manage on their own. Ask the hospice under what conditions and in what setting the hospice provides these types of care.

• Are their MDs/RNs certified in palliative care?

  Not having it doesn’t mean the staff is not competent as experience counts for a lot but having this credential is an indication of specialized study in palliative medicine/nursing.

• How are patient/family concerns handled?

  Is there a clear process for sharing concerns with appropriate hospice staff and making sure they are addressed, including a process for escalation if the concern is not adequately addressed at lower levels?

• How does the hospice measure and track quality?

  You are not looking for a lot of technical detail, just a response that indicates that the hospice evaluates its own performance in order to improve it.

• What are your general impressions at initial contact?

  What is your reaction to the people you talk to?

• What kind of bereavement services does the hospice offer?

  Types of grief support can vary widely and may include individual counseling, support groups, educational materials and outreach letters.

• Compare hospices by looking at publicly reported quality data on Care Compare:

  Link: medicare.gov/care-compare/
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